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- WORLD, Page 39World Trouble SpotsAfrica: A Ritual Of Danger
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- When I was a girl of ten, I was told to be brave and not to
- cry, that I'd be a big girl after the ordeal. But when I saw the
- half-blind old woman with her razor, I bolted. My mother and
- aunts held me down and spread open my legs. Suddenly, I felt
- excruciating pain. She sliced off my clitoris and now it lay in
- her gnarled hands. She then sliced my inner lips until there was
- nothing left. There was blood everywhere, but by now I felt no
- more pain, not even when she stuck a thorn from the acacia tree
- into me to keep the wound closed."
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- The Somalian woman who gave this account was describing a
- rite undergone by more than 80 million African women. Female
- circumcision -- the mutilation of the external genital organs --
- is a centuries-old rite of passage, intended to ensure that
- young women become desirable wives. It frequently causes
- life-threatening blood loss and infection. It can also lead to
- painful intercourse, infertility and difficult childbirth. While
- often erroneously linked to Islamic scripture, it is not
- mandated by any religion and is practiced by people of many
- faiths in some two dozen black African nations, Egypt and the
- Sudan.
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- There are three degrees of the procedure: sunna
- (traditional), which involves cutting off the tip of the
- clitoris; excision, the removal of the clitoris and the labia
- minora; and infibulation, the removal of the clitoris, the labia
- minora and labia majora. With infibulation, the pubic area is
- stitched up after the genitals are removed, leaving only a
- single small opening for urination and menstruation.
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- Midwives, village healers and elderly female relatives
- perform the ritual without anesthesia, using unsterilized razor
- blades. Parents look upon it favorably, on the grounds that
- removing the clitoris purifies their daughters and deadens their
- interest in sexual pleasure. Ironically, the frigidity or
- infertility caused by the mutilation leads many husbands to shun
- their brides.
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- Doctors throughout Africa recognize the harmful effects of
- female circumcision but feel powerless to stop a practice so
- entrenched in custom and tradition. Many organizations are
- campaigning against it, and the new African Charter on the
- Rights of Children includes items condemning circumcision.
- Governments in Sudan and elsewhere have passed laws against it,
- but they are seldom enforced.
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- It will take education, not just laws, to halt what
- Africans view as a symbol of their culture. Asks Birhane
- Ras-Work, president of the Inter-African Committee on
- Traditional Practices: "How do you eradicate a tradition that is
- more powerful than a legal system?"
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